Genetically Modified Foods And Their Labels - 1444 Words

Genetically modified foods are products that contain genetically modified organisms. There has been some controversy that customers should be aware of the nutrient labels if the product contains genetically modified ingredients. Researching this topic is very important for everyone to understand and this topic came to mind while finding a page online called Consumer Reports, which is based from, a magazine. This page explains to people why they need to know about GMO foods and their labels. The goal of this research paper is to let customers know that using genetically modified organisms can harm the body to some extent; it could possibly harm the environment, and it could drive up the cost of grocery prices. Genetically modified organisms are created in a laboratory. They alter the genetic makeup of different plants and animals so they can produce more food for consumers. Many people don’t really know if the foods that they buy have some type of GMO ingredients that may be safe to eat. In the article it states that it is important for people to check and read labels on food products that they buy every time they go grocery shopping because it could possibly harm their bodies and someone could possibly be sick or die if they consume genetically modified foods that are not prepared correctly or labeled. The Consumer Reports National Research Center discovered that GMO’s were in many packaged foods that many people didn’t know that they were consuming. Many people say thatShow MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Foods And Their Labels1447 Words   |  6 PagesGenetically Modified Foods Genetically modified foods are products that contain genetically modified organisms. There has been some controversy that customers should be aware on the nutrient labels if the product contains genetically modified ingredients. Researching this topic is very important for everyone to understand and this topic came to mind while finding a page online called Consumer Reports, which is base from, a magazine. This page explains to people why they need to know about GMO foodsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms : Is A Food Label Necessary?2521 Words   |  11 Pages Genetically Modified Organisms Is a Food Label Necessary? By: Kate Spinosa The addition of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s) also commonly known as Genetically Engineered (GE) to our food products have been a heated controversy for some time now. This debate is currently attracting a lot of consumer/media interest in 2014. From the 1990’s on, GE foods have been consumed by millions of Americans and humans across the world. So what exactly are GE foods? DNA (genes)Read MoreGenetically Modified Foods1101 Words   |  4 Pages Ever wondered what has been put into everyday food and what the impact is on human health? Approximately 60-80 % of everyday food has one ingredient made from genetically modified foods. When hearing â€Å"genetically modified food† people automatically think it is only bad for health, but there is also a good impact surprisingly. The one bad thing is that people do not know what types food have been modified because there are no labels for GMO products. Even though GMOs have a bad impact on humanRead More Genetically Modified Foods Need to be Labeled Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pagesconsumers who purchase genetically modified foods and the companies that processes these foods through genetic modification. Consumers are demanding that all genetically modified foods are labeled so that they will have information about what ingredients are in these foods. The companies who sell genetically modified foods do not want to label them and are making claims that labeling these foods would raise food prices, hurt farmers, and cause genetically modified foods to gain the reputation ofRead MoreGenetically Food And Drug Administration Regulates Labeling Of Genetically Modified Food1090 Words   |  5 PagesGenetically engineered has foreign genes inserted into their genetic code. In 1973 the idea of a man made DNA or rDNA came from Stanford University from a grad student. Also Professor Herbert Boyer and some of his biologist friends decided to try it. 75 percent of our processed food that U.S. produce contain some genetically modified ingredients. Some of this are crackers, breakfast cereal, and some cooking oils. Mostly everything that contains soy or corn even high fructose corn syrup have at leastRead MoreThe Consequences of Eating Genetically Modified Foods Essay examples581 Words   |  3 PagesUnited States don’t know that we’re already eating life threatening foods daily. We can’t tell these dangerous foods apart from the safe ones, because the US Food and Drug administration refuses to label them. Some of us care about our wellbeing so instead of the FDA poisoning we unknowingly let us poison ourselves if we choose too by the label. Some may not mind eating genetically modified foods, but as for me I don’t want to. It’s in our meat, it’s in our plants and it’sRead MoreHarmful Effects Of Genetically Modified Organisms1666 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms Does one really know how harmful genetically modified foods are to living organisms, or even to the environment? In grocery stores, 70% of the processed food sold contains genetically modified soybeans and corn. Also, a large percentage of canola, sugar beets, and sugar cane are genetically modified. Without even knowing it, Americans have been consuming genetically modified ingredients that have been hidden in their food since 1996. Is it notRead MoreThe Federal Government Should Require Labeling Of Gmo’S1188 Words   |  5 Pageson genetically modified foods. The people deserve to know what they put in their bodies. Some of the food is very unhealthy and some people are completely unaware of that fact. Many food companies do not put out all the information about what goes into the food in which we consume, if the Federal government were to require labeling of all GMO foods then the people could be well educated about what they put inside their bodies, and know if it is good for them or not. GMO stands for genetically modifiedRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration898 Words   |  4 Pagespolicy, foods, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and their byproducts, derived from plant varieties developed by the new methods of genetic modification are regulated within the existing framework of the act† (FDA). In other words, instead of creating new regulations that are specific to these completely unique food products, they are put within the umbrella of other â€Å"natural† products. As time passes it appears to be harder to establish strict regulations to manage genetically modified food. AccordingRead MoreMarketing Schemes Of Monsanto, Major U.s. Pharmaceutical Corporations And Food Manufacturing Companies1572 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Over 88% of the American people want to know if they are consuming food or using products containing Genetically Modified Organisms, GMO, according to the consumer reports organization. GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering, or GE, according to the non-GMO project website. (nongmo project, what is a gmo) Scientist insert, delete, or switch the DNA in certain organisms. Those organisms may be able

Death And The American Civil War - 1404 Words

This Republic of Suffering: Death and The American Civil War exposes a different perspective of the Civil War that is sparsely discussed and challenges the reader to broaden their views and beliefs of the war. Author, Drew Gilpin Faust, conducted nine chapters, or the new and transformed ars moriendi, primarily focusing on the past and present of the Civil War and its soldiers. Faust begins her book with the preface, the Work of Death, giving a brief explanation of the life changing events that took place during the war, and how drastically death affected the nation. Faust goes on to say that â€Å"the United States embarked on a new relationship with death.† The denouement of Faust’s book includes her compelling, influential epilogue, entitled Surviving. Each of her nine chapters touched on a different part of the war, and reached for a further explanation and meaning. Faust’s main ambition of her writing is to prove that the deaths of the Civil War were more co mplex than what this generation assumes. Chapter one, Dying, explained the process of an individual soldier’s death and â€Å"the concept of the Good Death.† Following, the second Chapter, Killing, talks about the force of the war on the people who were involved and the how â€Å"killing was a battle’s fundamental instrument and purpose.† In Chapters three and four, Burying and Naming, the challenges of establishing names of the dead and giving them an adequate burial is debated. The question, â€Å"What should be done with the body,†Show MoreRelatedThe American Civil War Was A Death Filled Four Years1243 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Civil War was a death filled four years. Many people died fighting for what they believed. The north, who won the war, got what they wanted; the south was able to keep their property with nearly no consequences for their actions. But one group of people who fought for both sides got nothing for their blood left o n the battle field. Both the Union army and the Confederate army promised the Native Americans who fought for them many things such as land, freedom, and rights but did eitherRead MoreThe Conflict Of The Civil War950 Words   |  4 Pagesprimary thesis of This Republic of Suffering is that death created a myriad of dilemmas for the citizenry and the United States Government. This vexing issue was not only a matter of physically disposing of the dead, but a spiritual and moralistic crisis that tore at the religiosity of the citizens of both the North and South. Moreover, death in the Civil War impacted the lives of hundreds of thousands of individuals. Moreover, these Americans lived the rest of their lives in perpetual sorrow, andRead MoreA Working Polish Man Named Jurgis Rudkus1199 Words   |  5 Pagessocietal influences. -Thesis: Upton SInclair applied aspects of the Civil War in his novel with his views on the treatment of humanity through the use of symbolism, and the presentation of the conflict and resolution. Body Paragraphs Paragraph 1: 1P: The symbolism presented in the novel brings upon the relation of the oppression experienced by the immigrant workers and African American slaves laboring on farms during the Civil War era. E: â€Å"In these chutes the stream of animals was continuously, pressingRead MoreThe Civil War : The And Soul Of The United States Of America1749 Words   |  7 Pagesstates’ opinions. Then, the Civil War happened. This war was one of the most pivotal points in American history. The government tried to make a decision on its own without the consent of the country as a whole. This led to the destruction of the rights of the people. The destruction of the rights of the people gave the majority of the power to the federal government, who have abused it, repeatedly, ever since. America has gone through very dark time as a result of the Civil War. These are the three mostRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War1508 Words   |  7 Pagesmassacred. In only four years America annihilated the number of American soldiers killed in all other wars combined. America experienced her first full scale house division. The people were in such confusion, Reconstruction Acts had to be used to bri ng the country back together. Civil War introduced a split country, breaks of states from the union, the South denying rights to emancipated slaves, improving the lifestyle for African Americans, death, and reconstruction of America. Abraham Lincoln, 16th presidentRead MoreHistory of Civil War882 Words   |  3 Pagessociety has been marred with war and strife over its eventful lifespan. A civil disagreement, when accompanied by mass offenses, often ends with deadly war. Throughout history, many nations have been unable to solve their personal grievances with one another in a diplomatic manner. In many instances are solves through protest, boycotts and other contentious means. However, in some instances, society elects the worst possible alternative, which is often war. In retrospect, wars have been fought for manyRead MoreThe War Of The United States1412 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War of the United States, a war that stretched on for a period of four years, was among the worst events ever to occur in American history. The casualties marked by far, the bloodiest in America’s involvement in wars at six-hundred twenty-thousand military soldiers dead. To this day, it is known as one of the most memorabl e wars in our history. But is that why this war is so well remembered? The strikings of terror and death hold a heavy grip throughout the course of history worldwide,Read MoreSlavery And The Civil War1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe American civil war was in no doubt the most crucial event in history. No other war compares or even comes close to the casualties suffered. It helped conserve and maintain the Union, drastically changed the relationship between the federal and states government, and led to slavery’s abolition. This war has also stirred up many conflicts until this day about the conflicts and causes. Among the countless and even undiscovered questions comes the most common as being why the Southern states wereRead MoreAlly Bireley. Mr. Cone. Apush - 1St. 24 February 2017.1427 Words   |  6 PagesSoldier’s Tale Amongst almost 3 million Civil War soldiers, over 600,000 lost their lives defending their notions of freedom and liberty in America. Approximately two-thirds of these soldiers, nonetheless, died from disease rather than wounds received on the battlefield. Lack of efficient medicine and health care caused much more impacting damage, as well as scarce, not up-to-date resources, and social divisions between the soldiers. Typically, an average Civil War soldier could expect to face extremeRead MoreThe Beginning Of The Civil War1289 Words   |  6 PagesAt the beginning of the Civil War the reasoning was nothing but clear. It can’t be ignored that the Civil War was in fact about slavery and that slavery was an issue â€Å"resolved† by the Civil War. Yes the war was initially about race and how the country â€Å"needed† to free slaves, David W. Blight states it, â€Å"The emancipationist vision, embodied in African Americans’ complex remembrance of their own freedom, their politics of radical Reconstruction, and in conceptions of the war as the reinvention of the

Ihrm Cases free essay sample

International recruitment, selection and repatriation18 Brochure263 Conclusion26 Bibliography28 Chapter 1: Introduction Avon is a beauty company that sells her products all over the world. â€Å"Beauty is about women looking and feeling their best. It’s about championing economic empowerment and improving the lives of women around the world. † This report explains the HR related situations concerning Avon. Avon in the VS is also compared with Avon in China. The situations that can occur in China are evaluated. The first chapter explains the internationalization of the HRM and strategic IHRM. In this chapter, the drivers of the internationalization of Avon are defined. Also the strategic HRM decisions are explained. The next chapter explains the international combination of Avon and the possible HR related problems. Furthermore, the differences in employment laws and labor relations between Avon in de VS and China are defined. Chapter 5 explains the role of international ethics, corporate governance and sustainability. The last chapter defines the international recruitment, selection and repatriation in both the VS and China. Finally, a brochure and conclusion are added. The brochure makes clear what an expatriate should prepare and know before going to China and the conclusion summarizes the findings of this report. Chapter 2: The internationalization of HRM and strategic IHRM 2. 1 Drivers of the increased internationalisation of business for Avon The following forces are the drivers of the increased internationalisation of business for Avon: * Trade agreements Trade agreements between countries makes it possible for Avon to expand to all the countries where Avon operates at the moment. China is a member of the World Trade Organization, which made it an advantage for Avon to do business with this country. * Rapid and extensive global communication The technological revolution and its digital reformation have made global communication easier, quicker and cheaper. Also, information about how people live, think and want is spread all over the world. Through this change, Avon can adapt to the needs and rules in the specific country. Also, it is possible to make contact with employees in other countries and sell the products over the web. Because of this, Avon became aware of intercultural differences and is with this also able to get the company’s employees well trained. This is important because of Avon’s ‘direct selling’ aspect. * Improving global education and global talent pool Avon strives to get the best employees as possible. They give them training, but the improving education around the world makes it possible to get good educated people from almost anywhere in the world. Enabling them to produce world-class products and services. * Homogenisation of culture and consumer goods The integration of cultures and values through the impact of the trade agreements and increasing global enterprises makes that the consumer demands are almost common. This makes it possible for Avon to place her products around the world. Nevertheless distinct differences in culture across countries remain and firms like Avon need to be sensitive for these differences. 2. 2 Typical international enterprise for Avon Avon sells through direct selling, catalogues, mall kiosks and a web based store. Because direct selling is Avon’s major strength, they operate through international alliances, partnerships and consortia. Avon has a well-established sales network that does the direct selling like door-to-door or catalogue selling. People register at Avon and will become an independent representative, selling Avon products. The self-employed person will get training and guidance, but has to sell the products by himself. The only help he gets with this are catalogues and samples. 2. 3 Avon’s choice of market entry for China China is a large country where Avon has lots of opportunities. China has a large population or maintain a well-educated middle class which is a prerequisite for the toiletries/cosmetics industry. One of Avon’s specialties is adapting the needs of the woman of the specific country. The target group are middleclass woman with an average income. This will help Avon expand their workforce and market share. The competitor in China is Olay for Avon, which is bought by Procter amp; Gamble. Olay has almost the same view on beauty products. They create a beauty product for her—one that could not only moisturize her skin, but could also give her the feeling of being beautiful and feminine. China is a masculine country according to Hofstede. This means that they give a low quality in life. Avon will show the woman that the quality in life can be higher by using the right products. Avon will enter the market through partnerships and consortia. This is the most effective way for them because the door-to-door sales are forbidden in China. When they open different shops through partnerships, they still will have the opportunity to create new and loyal members in China. 2. 4 Dominant MNE business strategy for Avon The ‘transnational business strategy’ will be dominant for Avon. The company uses an approach that attempts to maximize both responsiveness and integration. They are global and multi-domestic at the same time. The strategy differs from the global (head-) firm in that the company works hard to localize, to be seen as a local firm with global expertise, technology and resources. Avon adapts his business model because of local considerations and supply chain issues. This helps Avon to expand the workforce, as well as the market share. 2. 5 Adopted international orientation and MNE business strategy by Avon The strategy ‘geo-centrism’ will be adopted by the headquarters of Avon. Avon’s goal is to create a global network and a preference for following a transnational strategy that is integrative and interdependent among various elements of the global organization. For example, Avon has 4. 4 million independent representatives in global markets. For large and growing companies, this strategy has become almost necessary. A competitor of Avon, Unilever, developed the same international orientation. Just like Avon, this company borrows best practices from around the world, rather than giving preference necessarily to either headquarters or local practices. It’s necessary to operate as a global firm, but to look at the local preferences at the same time. 2. 6 Chosen IHRM strategy for Avon Based on the MNE business strategy and international orientation, Avon should choose the IHRM strategy ‘Active IHRM strategy’. This strategy has a high degree of global integration and a high degree of local responsiveness. This strategy balances both global integration and local responsiveness and is most suitable when an MNE has a geo-centric HR orientation. Avon operates globally but also pays a lot of attention to local preferences (for example norms and values). Avon wants good control over the HR decision- making. They find hiring, training and retaining the best employees the most important factor. This is crucial to the company’s strategy. Chapter 3: International mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures and alliances 3. 1 Avon’s form of international combination for China Avon has a transnational organizational structure, which is necessary in order to succeed in China. China is a country with a lot of rules and culture. Avon has to fit in, to adapt to the standards of China, in order to sell her products. The division structure is the Geographic Division Structure, because each region is an independent division with its own managers. In this way, the local managers can adapt to the local conditions. This structure will fit well in China because an American approach will not work in this country. It’s important to adapt to the local preferences and rules. A competitor of Avon is Olay, which also knows that as an international organization, you have to adapt to the local consumers. For example: on their website, everything is customized to the Chinese. 3. 2 HR due diligence The HR due diligence is directed on the culture of China and on the corporate cultures of Avon and of the firm(s) which Avon choose as a possible partner. The pre-combination phase involves the initial target screening and pre-bid courtship of the potential target firm, the ‘due diligence’ review of the target company, the price-setting and negotiation of the approach the partners will take to the combination, and the agreement of the contract wording of the deal. Avon should be aware of the fact that there are many large cultural differences between its own employees and those of China. This all has to do with the differences in the corporate cultures. Avon is focused on the development of a good workforce. This includes that they already are cultural sensitive and find it important to build relationships. These points match to the Chinese culture, which is also focused on relationships and hospitality. With a possible collaboration with a Chinese company, Avon could stick to their values: trust, respect and belief. Chinese businesses namely are based on those values. Punctuality is very important for Chinese businesspeople. Being late is rude. Meetings always begin on time. At the beginning of a meeting, business cards are exchanged. Business cards should be printed in English on one side and Chinese on the other. English is not spoken in business meetings, although some Chinese may understand English without making it known. It is wise to hire an interpreter or ask for one to be provided. In China it is quite normal to have long meetings and lengthy negotiations (often ten days straight), which are often even with many delays. The Chinese will enter a meeting with the highest-ranking person entering first. They will assume the first member of your group to enter the room is the leader of your delegation. The senior Chinese person welcomes everyone. The foreign leader introduces his/her team, and each member distributes his/her card. The leader invites the Chinese to do the same. The seating is also very important at a meeting. The host sits to the left of the most important guest. Furthermore, there may be periods of silence at a business meeting; it can be seen as rude if you interrupt these. If you want to make a contract, the Chinese consider this as a draft subject to change. Chinese may agree on a deal and then change their minds. A signed contract is not binding and does not mean negotiations will end. The status of the people who make the initial contact with the Chinese is also very important. You can insult the Chinese by sending someone with a low rank. If the Chinese side no longer wishes to pursue the deal, they may not tell you. To save their own face, they may become increasingly inflexible and hard-nosed, forcing you to break off negotiations. In this way, they may avoid blame for the failure. 3. 3 Expected problems on the areas of staffing, compensation and benefits Staffing * There can be differences between international labour law and standards. You must take account for employees who previously were used to other standards. * Companies can have other standards for working hours per year of per week. This can be different for employees who come from another company with a different culture/standard. * There can be some problems with labour relations. That is the organisation, impact and influence of the relations between employers and employees. For example, some employees can be used to communicate in an informal way with his colleagues during working hours. Others may see this as unprofessional and prefer a formal way of communication. * In China, HR selection relies on connections and family relationships. In America, this selection is bases on schooling and earlier performances. This can cause problems during for example intake interviews, where Chinese employees expect other things than the American employees. * Compensation * People can have different motives to work for a company. Where one employee works for the money, the other works for the satisfaction he or she gets out of the performed work. * Wages and salaries can be different. This can cause higher expectations from employees. * Benefits * Retirement and saving programs, employee health and welfare programs, and other supplemental benefits can all create significant financial, administrative and employee-qualification problems. * If two companies merge, you have to look at which benefits you want to use from both companies. These benefits have to be the best parts of both companies, but also have to match to each other. * There can be differences in the role that sustainability played in the previous company and is going to play in the future company. Chapter 4: Differences in employment laws and labor relations 4. 1 Differences between Avon in the U. S. and a partner firm in China | Working hours| Labour relations| Salaries| Avon in US| Representatives can organize their own hours. When they sell something, they earn money. | The relations between the employers and employees are in the USA more informal. Superiors are easily accessible. See PDI (power distance) in figure 1 (Geert Hofstede, 2013)| Representatives earn 40% commission on beauty products and throughout their career 50% commission. | Avon in China| In China, the system is the same as in the USA. However, Chinese inhabitants tend to be more persisted to their goal. So they will make more hours than necessary. | In China, the superiors have all the answers. The employees are not allowed to oppose and debate about orders that they have been given. | In China, it is the same concept, so also the same commission/salary. | *Figure 1: Comparisation countries Hofstede 4. 2 International laws which affect the international operations of Avon There are always different common and civil laws in different countries. HR managers from MNE’s have to develop policies that stay within these laws and regulations. Consultants are often highly recommended in unknown countries. For example: in China is direct marketing forbidden. Avon has to adjust their systems to the local preferences and laws. Women in higher functions in China is not very usual and according to Chinese citizens older people are wiser than younger people. The IRHM of Avon has to adjust their system to this. Otherwise, cultural clashes can occur when younger people (or even women) are placed above older people (men). Different countries have also different religions (religious law), on which the advertisements and communication have to be balanced. For example in countries with a Islamic religion, nudity in advertisements have to be reduced. 4. 3 National employment laws and supra- and extraterritorial laws of China National employment laws Salary The salary depends on the locality, industry and skill level. But Full-time employees have to earn minimally: RMB 1,120 per month. This is roughly $165,- for a full time employee (The university of Iowa, 2011). This is lower than in the USA which is $1,257 per month for a full time employee. This can be a positive law for Avon as they can lower their salaries and get the same results from their employees. Overtime The overtime payment is written below, this is according to The university of Iowa (2011). Working hours| Minimum overtime pay| Typical working day| 150 %| Rest day (weekend)| 200 %| National holiday| 300 %| This is a lot more than that is usual in the USA. In de USA is 150 % the norm for overtime. Avon has to adapt to these overtime payments. Labor contract law Every Chinese worker has to have a written contract since 2008. This is already usual in the USA, so this won’t be a problem. Holidays Employees receive a minimum of five days leave per year. When an employee reaches the 15 years’ work experience, he/she gets a minimum of 15 days off per year. This applies to all employees. In the USA this is a minimum of 18 days of per year. 10 days of the employees own choose and 8 national holidays. This is not necessarily a problem for Avon, but they have to take this into account when making the contract. Chinese are not used to take a lot of vacation and often don’t even use all of the 5 and certainly not all of the 15 days off. Maternity leave Female employees are entitled to a minimum of 90 days of maternity leave. Men are not covered under maternity leave, although a lot of employers allow men several days off after the birth of a child. There is an insurance that covers the lost wages of the women during the maternity leave. In the USA women can get maternity leave, but this will be unpaid. They can get 12 weeks (84 days) of maternity leave. This is less than in China and they also don’t get paid. Avon has to get used to the Chinese minimum and pay 1% of payroll expenses to this insurance company. Supranational Laws Supranational laws are laws between member countries. China doesn’t have memberships and supranational laws therefore don’t apply to Avon. Extraterritorial Laws Extraterritorial laws are laws that are applied on multi nationals even outside of the borders. USA has some extraterritorial laws to protect American citizens anywhere in the world. Examples are: SOX, FCPA, ADA and ADEA. These laws protect employees from discrimination, harassment on basis of sex, race, national origin, colour and religion. 4. 4 HR specific preparations for China Immigration/visas The Chinese visas for work or pleasure are often complex. Applying for a China business visa offers a single entry option, which is similar to the tourist visa applications. But it also affords multiple entry variants for 6 months, 1 year or 2 years. (Global visas, 2013) The application for a Visa should be handed over in personal to the visa office. Mailed applications will be refused. This is why many employers hire a visa agent to bring their visa application to the office and help them out with all the complications. (China embassy, 2008) American citizens pay $130 fee for their visa according to the China embassy (2008). Furthermore, the following documents are required: Valid original passport (for at least 6 months) * Completed Visa Application, signed by the applicant * One recent photograph * An employment permit from the ministry of labour and social security or the state administration of foreign experts of China * An invitation letter from a relevant department of Chinese government or a government authorized company. Nationalit y| Single entry| Double entry| Multiple Entry Visahalf- year| Multiple Entry Visaone year| Multiple Entry Visa2 Years| British citizens| 30| 45| 90| 150| 150| American citizens| 80| 80| 80| 80| 80| All other Nationalities| 20| 30| 40| 55| 55| Figure 2: Table of visa fees (GBP) Personal data privacy There is no data protection law in China, but some rules are related to the protection of personal data. There are 8 principles identified by Veronica Lockyer (2013): 1. Information collectors should have specific and clear purposes as well as justifiable reasons when processing personal information. 2. Organizations should collect no more information than is necessary to fulfill their purposes and must delete the information once its intended use has been fulfilled. 3. Information collectors must inform individuals in a clear, understandable and ppropriate manner of the purpose, scope and use of personal information that is collected and of the measures which will be taken to keep the in formation secure. 4. Information collectors must obtain consent to the collection of personal information. 5. Information collectors must ensure that all personal information is complete and up to date. 6. Organizations must take appropriate management and technical measures to keep information secure. 7. Organizations must not continue to use information once the purpose for which it has been collected has been fulfilled. 8. Organizations must clearly define internal responsibilities for personal information, must take appropriate measures to implement the responsibilities and must keep records of data processing. Companies must be aware of the increasing attention that is paid to data privacy and also of the recent expansion of the rules, regulations and guidance from the authorities. It is likely that the guidelines above are the basis of a data privacy law in the future. Anti-discrimination There is no specific anti-discrimination law in China. There are certain general provisions included in other laws and regulations. The employment based discrimination rules are: * No discrimination based on nationality, race, sex or religion. * Equal employment rights for men and women. * Equal pay for equal work. * It is against the law to refuse to hire a female employee because of her gender. * Equal employment opportunities, terms and conditions to each employee. * Discrimination related items are forbidden in recruitment advertisement. Intellectual property According to Forbes (2012) is protecting intellectual property rights the single biggest hurdle for most companies when thinking about entering the Chinese market. The infringement of the IP laws are more worse than in other countries. But there are laws, and these are: * Trademark law * Copyright law * Patent law 4. 5 How US extraterritorial laws affect IHR Extraterritorial laws are laws that are applied on multi nationals even outside of the borders. USA has some extraterritorial laws to protect American citizens anywhere in the world. Examples are: SOX, FCPA, ADA and ADEA. These laws protect employees from discrimination, harassment on basis of sex, race, national origin, colour and religion. An employee of a American firm who believes that she has been subjected to any form of discrimination in a foreign assignment may bring a lawsuit in the US to pursue these claims. It affects IHRM because a MNE has to decide whether it follows the extra-territorial law or the nation’s law. 4. 6 Labour movement evolving as a response to increased globalization Labour is banding together across sectorial, national and international borders to capitalize on every force that interests them. They stand stronger together and have more ground to stand on when discussing with the big MNE’s. *Figure 3: Unionization of labor movement . 7 Concrete recommended actions for achieving relations It is recommended to find a central path between the laws and customs of China and the (extraterritorial) laws and customs of the USA. It is also important to start with the application of a Visa on time. In China it generally takes a lot of time before you get a Visa. Hire a Chinese advisor tha t helps you through all the difficulties of the Chinese government. This is also a good way to get to know inside information regarding labour and rules. Chapter 5: The role of international ethics, corporate governance and sustainability 5. 1 Characteristics of the CLA In China, there are several rules regarding the CLA. Article 4 of the general provisions says: â€Å"The employer shall establish and perfect rules and regulations in accordance with law and guarantee that laborers enjoy labor right and fulfill labor obligations†(2007, Labor law of the peoples republic of China). Another rule they point out is in article 16 of the general provisions: â€Å"Labor contracts are agreements reached between laborers and the employer to establish labor relationships and specify the rights, interests and obligations of each party† †(2007, Labor law of the people’s republic of China). Labor contracts shall become legally binding once they are concluded in accordance with law. The parties involved shall fulfill obligations stipulated in labor contracts. In China, it is accepted for business owners to insist that their new employees accept non-disclosure or non-compete obligations. A non-disclosure obligation is an obligation which protects certain confidential information about the company. A non-compete obligation is an obligation which protects the goodwill and know-how of a certain company. Obligations and respective topics Issues of pay, working hours, rest and vacation, safety and health, insurance and welfare. (Penealr, 2013) * Avon shall take all necessary and appropriate measures to ensure that workers may exercise freely their right to organize. (Penealr, 2013) * Avon shall be taken to encourage and promote the full development and utilization of machinery for voluntary negotiation between employers and trade unions, with a view to the regulation of terms and conditions of employment by means of collective agreements. Penealr, 2013) * Avon must in no way contribute to the Chinese authorities’ suppression of freedom of expression. Business must not supply technology or equipment that could be employed to censor and control internet use. (Amnesty, 2009) China is still a developing country. A lot of information is not available in The Netherlands about the freedom of choice. According to the websites used above, there is a small freedom of choice. People can tell what they want if they have a higher function. According to Hofstede, the power distance is relatively high. When there is a higher power, they have more freedom of choice than the employees beneath them. 5. 2 Co-determination bodies and forms of participation The power distance in China is very high. This also explains that there is very low co-determination. Employees get a lot of responsibility, but only about a long term assignment they have to make. After a long briefing they can work on their assignment. What they have to do is very strict. The co-determination is very low for this reason. The power the employees have is very low, this will also be shown in the next question about the trade unions. The power they have is the power about their assignment. With this assignment they can do what they want as long as they make it the way the manager wants it. This is the responsibility they get. For a Chinese worker this is a lot of responsibility. They will work hard on their long term assignment to proof they are worth the assignment and especially for the welfare of their family. 5. 3 Relationship between trade unions, employers and government? Trade unions in China have many members. 137 million according to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU, 2013). On their website you can find the following: Trade unions of the foreign-invested enterprises in China have firmly centered on production and business operation to conduct activities and have given support to enterprises in their operation and management according to law; have educated workers to observe factory rules and regulations and discipline; organized workers to launch labor emulation campaigns; and aroused the enthusiasm of the workers for running the enterprises well, so as to contribute to the sound development of the enterprises. But they are impotent when it comes to representing workers. The Chinese party-state recognizes such frail as instability. It has passes labor laws promoting collective contracts, even though these laws are welcome, they are largely hollow. Collective contracts are very different from collective bargaining. This means the Chines unions are not working very well. (Trade Unions in China, 2006). This means that most employees have a collective contract and the Chinese trade unions don’t do that much for them in comparison with West-Europe. The past years, a lot of strikes are held by the Chinese employees. They were not organized by the trade union, but by their own. This is very remarkable. They protest against the trade unions and they want better trade unions. The response of the ACFTU to their employees was not unsympathetic. They mentioned that the official union was not yet up to speed with the rest of the workers’ movement in China. The pressure of the workers forces the union to reassess its role and the way it interacts with the people it is supposed to represent (CLB, 2013). 5. 4 Role of IHR in ethics, corporate governance and sustainability? It is important for International Human Recourses to keep the ethics and the values and believes of the country in mind. Only that way people can work in a properly way. In China there are many different ethics in comparison with the V. S. In China, everyone takes responsibility even though the power distance is high. When you are working you will get an assignment from your manager which is your responsibility. They expect you to take this responsibility. You also have to respect the tradition. You are not able to change the things which are tradition. These traditions are very important for the Chinese. As the Americans work for their personal welfare, the Chinese work for their Family welfare. If they can work extra, they will do that for their families. In this you also see the collectivism they have in China. You can conclude that China is very different from the U. S. For that reason it is really important to take everyone’s values and believes in account. 5. 5 Which sustainable HR practices can Avon formulate to affect employees and labor relations positively in the U. S. and in your chosen country? The best way Avon can handle in China is to take the different cultures in account. The Chinese are very different to the U. S workers. The Chinese also need time to adjust to the culture just like the Americans. They may even need more time to adjust. The Expatriate will be treated like a family member and the company has to help overcome the culture shock and provide intensive pre-departure training. In this way, the culture shock will be held small and the workforce will be a ten out of ten. In the first stage, the Chinese will keep their family behind until they are adjusted to the new culture and environment. After that everything will just role in their own way. It is a very sustainable way to keep all these points in mind when sending an expatriate to China. Family status is very high in China. Therefore it is very important to maintain these values and believes. Chapter 6: International recruitment, selection and repatriation 6. 1 Arguments for the pending choice of Avon to use either PCNs, HCNs or TCNs * Host Country Nationals, these are the local nationals. In the case where the decision is made to locate a subsidiary or business unit in a country where the local population lacks the necessary education or training, then IHR must find other ways to staff the necessary workforce, for example by training locals, hiring TCNs or bringing in parent-company international assignees. Parent Country Nationals, typically defined as citizens of the country of the headquarters of the MNE and employed by the firm in the country of its headquarters. When PCNs are transferred to another country, to work in a foreign subsidiary or other type of operation (such as a joint venture or alliance) of the MNE, they are generally referred to as expatriates or international assignees. When they return home, they are referred to as repatriates. Third Country Nationals, used particularly in areas where there is either a shortage of people with the skills the firm needs or where there is a relatively free movement of people from one country to another. TCNs are being used if parent-company managers and technicians are not readily available or not available in the numbers needed. 6. 2 Methods of recruitment and selection for choosing an expatriate Chosen recruitment channel Recruitment involves searching for and attracting qualified applicants to create an applicant pool. After recruiting, there are two broad types of recruiting sources/channels available to organizations: internal recruiting sources and external recruiting sources. For Avon, it is possible to first find candidates through internal recruiting resources. These resources mostly reduce labor costs, are valued by employers and can enhance the reputation of the company as an employer of choice. However, internal recruiting sources can limit the size and to some extent the quality of the applicant pool and may encourage infighting and inbreeding. If Avon decides to choose internal recruiting channels, it is wise to choose them out of the groups ‘former or current expatriates’ or ‘international succession planning programs’. Former or current expatriates are individuals who have been on foreign assignments or are currently on an assignment. In Avon’s case, employees who have been to China for such a foreign assignment are the most attractive. Avon could also choose employees who have been or still are in countries with similar culture as the Chinese culture, which makes them probably also feel comfortable with working in China. Internal succession planning programs are internal programs designed to prepare high-potential employees for overseas positions such as ‘look-see visits’ or ‘short-term developmental’ foreign assignments. This prepares employees for a possible cooperation with Chinese companies. Avon could also decide to use external recruiting channels and locate candidates from outside the organization. The two most obvious channels are ‘executive search firms’ and ‘professional associations or networks’. Executive search firms are recruiting firms that specialize in particular types of individuals or industries. These firms are able to find the perfect candidate for Avon to work with its Chinese partners, because they are specialized in finding the right employee for working within the right corporate culture. Professional associations or networks includes that members of professional associations are potential applications. Avon could use its own external networks to find the right candidates, for example through other (Chinese) business partners or through LinkedIn. It is good to always use multiple recruiting channels so as to increase diversity and generate a larger pool of applications. Attracting candidates to work internationally raises also an important challenge for Avon. It can be hard to find individuals who are interested in international work as well as those who are interested in permanent international careers. It can be a big step for American employees to start working in China, because they actually have to move (maybe with their family) to the other side of the world. So it is important to use recruiting sources that find candidates with high receptivity to international careers: an individual’s attitude toward international careers and is one of the most frequently suited factors in assessing why people undertake careers in international work. Advertisement with criteria for two positions The specific criteria to select employees has a lot to do with their future success in the international assignment. The most important selection criteria for international assignments include job suitability, cultural adaptability and desire for international assignments. _____________________________________________________________________________ Advertisement 1: Senior Account Manager in Shanghai Avon is looking for a Senior Account Manager to join the Avon China Sales team based in Shanghai, China. As a Senior Account Manager you will be responsible for setting up, coordinating and managing our network of Advertising Partners, agency relationships an d direct advertisers for different digital channels. You will report globally to Avon and locally to our General Manager in China. Requirements/criteria: * Affinity with beauty products for woman * Minimum of 5+ years of experience in similar position Demonstrated highly-effective relationship-building and networking skills * High desire for a foreign assignment and willingness to make the necessary efforts to adjust _____________________________________________________________________________ Advertisement 2: Quality Manager in Beijing Avon is looking for a Quality Manager to join the Avon China Quality team based in Beijing, China. As a Quality Manager, you will be responsible for consolidating and tracking the quality of compliance metrics, identify, analyse the gap with target, recommend initiatives for continuous improvement and compliance enforcement. You will also promote the quality awareness in the markets cultivating a continuous improvement culture. Requirements/criteria: * Able to develop and maintain excellent working relationships, work successfully within a team environment and as an individual contributor * Cultural sensitivity and ability to work and thrive in a multi-cultural environment, as well as an ability to work in a matrix environment * Proactive team player, able to take charge and follow-through. Achievement-oriented with a high degree of flexibility and ability to adapt to a changing environment _____________________________________________________________________________ Selection method in all components of the process In one of the first stages, Avon could use a number of formal assessment instruments designed by industrial psychologist that primarily evaluate a candidate’s personal traits and competencies. These can contain for example adaptability, flexibility or openness to new experiences. After these ssessments, Avon can decide which elements are important to successful foreign cultural adjustment. After this stage, Avon could select expatriates by interviewing them, which may be best done by a representative of the home country, a representative of the host country and an interculturalist (someone with the ability to assess the candidate’s ability to adjust to the foreign culture). Avon could also choose for a combination of the earlier mentioned proce dures but rely, in the end, on self-selection by the candidate himself. Avon is interested in candidates taking the time to look at the issues involved with relocation to a foreign country and culture and assessing whether they think they are ready or have the necessary skills, experience or attitude to be successful in the overseas assignment. These assessments may result in the individual realizing they aren’t ready now, but they would like to take such an assignment at some later time in their career. Avon is able to emphasise themselves in this situation, especially because China is the complete opposite of America, looking at the business culture and environment. Decision making process in written and oral selection The selection process starts with an analysis of the job requirements. Avon has to find out what the technical and cultural requirements of the job will be. Also the managerial responsibilities have to be analysed and there has to be determined for what kind of candidate they are looking. Once the number, types and the quality of employees needed are specified, organizations need to find candidates from labor markets that are geographically dispersed. This process is called ‘sourcing’. After this, Avon will publish a job assignment on their official website or send this advertisement to extern job agencies. In this job assignment, the preferred skills and desired profile will be described extensively. Avon will receive multiple responses on this advertisement, mostly of them will be on paper or by email. With the most attractive candidates, an oral interview will be arranged. During this interview, the following subjects will be discussed: * Availability * Job abilities * Personality characteristics * Career status * Desire for assignment * Family situation Language skills * Prior experiences * 6. 3 Strategy of repatriation to the U. S. to be used by HRM of Avon. Avon has to set up a program or training that let the employee understand that it will take time, sometimes longer than expected, to settle into what was once a very familiar environment. Avon has to allow the employee and its family time to re-establish their contacts and friendships. The employee has to keep in mind that he might no longer interact in the same way, since family and friends cannot fully comprehend what you and your family have experienced. Despite great efforts by both the company and the expatriate to discuss the relocation openly, reverse culture shock continues to exist. Avon can provide several support practices to repatriates to prevent problems. These practices can be organized according to three phases: before the foreign assignment; during the foreign assignment; and after the completion of the foreign assignment. First, the assignment needs to be part of a larger plan for the firm, so that the repatriate returns to a specific position that uses the international learning and experience. This can be realized by a ‘back-home mentor’, who is both a contact in the home office for the expatriate who is working on an international assignment , but who also provides information about what is going on back at the home office. Support activities are critical in terms of ensuring a high retention rate. There has to be clear, constant and regular communication between the home office and the expatriates. The expatriates should also be assigned to a mentor, to guide future career development. This also can be realized by e-mails or intranet, which should encourage the expatriate to communicate with colleagues and mentors back home in America. After the completion of the foreign assignment, repatriates and their families often have trouble with adjusting to the lifestyle back home. Avon has to take into account that most of its employees are changed by the foreign experience and not only must relearn their original culture and lifestyle, but probably experience it quite differently than when they left. The expatriates should be supported by cross-cultural training before they move abroad, to make their ‘come-back’ also easier. What arrangements do I have to make before leaving? Inform the tax authorities that you are moving to another country. Make sure that you speak English and Chinese. It is an advantage when an expat speaks the language from the host country, because this will gain respect and understanding. The dialect that is the most common in China is Mandarin. It is advised to follow a course before going to China. Take your medical records with you and when something happens in China, add this to the record. Chinese doctors don’t keep the records for you, patients are expected to do this for their selves. What do I have to know about shipping my properties? Importing and exporting money is limited to 6. 000 RMB. When transporting more money, this has to be clarified to the customs. Shipped goods will be released when the licenses are obtained. Keeping your necessary baggage with you is recommended. It is recommended to buy a car in China, as the import license is hard to get. As many apartments can be rented furnished in China and there are many shopping options, it may be worth leaving most of the household in the home country if you plan to return. What will my salary be? When hired from within China, your salary might be lower than what you earned back home. The costs of living, however, are much lower than in western countries. So eventually the buying power will rise. Make sure that health insurance is included in your salary package, because this can be quite expensive. Brochure Expat to China All you need to know What arrangements do I have to make before leaving? Inform the tax authorities that you are moving to another country. Make sure that you speak English and Chinese. It is an advantage when an expat speaks the language from the host country, because this will gain respect and understanding. The dialect that is the most common in China is Mandarin. It is advised to follow a course before going to China. Take your medical records with you and when something happens in China, add this to the record. Chinese doctors don’t keep the records for you, patients are expected to do this for their selves. What do I have to know about shipping my properties? Importing and exporting money is limited to 6. 000 RMB. When transporting more money, this has to be clarified to the customs. Shipped goods will be released when the licenses are obtained. Keeping your necessary baggage with you is recommended. It is recommended to buy a car in China, as the import license is hard to get. As many apartments can be rented furnished in China and there are many shopping options, it may be worth leaving most of the household in the home country if you plan to retu rn. What will my salary be? When hired from within China, your salary might be lower than what you earned back home. The costs of living, however, are much lower than in western countries. So eventually the buying power will rise. Make sure that health insurance is included in your salary package, because this can be quite expensive. Brochure Expat to China All you need to know †¦ questions and answers to be fully prepared for your leave †¦ questions and answers to be fully prepared for your leave How is the (public) transportation within China? Transportation can be by bus (around 1 a 2 RMB) or by train (6km: 3 RMB and then per 10km 1 RMB). When taking a taxi it is important to speak Mandarin or having your hotel, business address and home address written in Chinese on a card. It is furthermore common to sit in the front passenger seat and it is not required to tip the driver. What are the conditions of employment? A normal working week is from Monday till Friday from 8 o’clock till 5 o’clock with an hour break. The 1st of October is a national day, the last days of January and the first of February is Chinese New Year, 1 may is the day of the labor. Employees are free on these days. The employment in China is contract based. In this contract the contributions in the accommodation and the car are clarified. How is the medical insurance? This is quite expensive for foreign expatriates. In average this will cost around 1. 300 RMB. It is advisable to go to a foreign-run hospital, as they have better techniques with western doctors. Fees though, are very costly and health insurance may not always be accepted. Before going to a hospital, research whether they will accept your insurance. Prescriptions written overseas will not be accepted in China. So if you are currently taking medication, be sure to set up an appointment upon arrival to have a new prescription written. These are generally covered by the insurance. How is the (public) transportation within China? Transportation can be by bus (around 1 a 2 RMB) or by train (6km: 3 RMB and then per 10km 1 RMB). When taking a taxi it is important to speak Mandarin or having your hotel, business address and home address written in Chinese on a card. It is furthermore common to sit in the front passenger seat and it is not required to tip the driver. What are the conditions of employment? A normal working week is from M onday till Friday from 8 o’clock till 5 o’clock with an hour break. The 1st of October is a national day, the last days of January and the first of February is Chinese New Year, 1 may is the day of the labor. Employees are free on these days. The employment in China is contract based. In this contract the contributions in the accommodation and the car are clarified. How is the medical insurance? This is quite expensive for foreign expatriates. In average this will cost around 1. 300 RMB. It is advisable to go to a foreign-run hospital, as they have better techniques with western doctors. Fees though, are very costly and health insurance may not always be accepted. Before going to a hospital, research whether they will accept your insurance. Prescriptions written overseas will not be accepted in China. So if you are currently taking medication, be sure to set up an appointment upon arrival to have a new prescription written. These are generally covered by the insurance. Will my partner get a job easily in China? Expats are rarely employed by local Chinese companies. The way to get to work in China is through international companies, relationships or high education and skills. A Chinese work permit is needed for a foreigner to work in China. This is also the visa that is needed to enter the country. How are the schools for my kids in China? The state-funded schools are not a good option for children of expatriates ecause the colleges are all given in Mandarin and the standards may not be recognized when returning home. The standards of private schools however are generally high and the education and qualifications will definitely be recognized when returning home. How is the (business) culture in China? Connections are very important when doing business. Much time is devoted to establishing a relationship. Chinese inhabitants will therefore rarely do business with people they don’t know. Seniority and hierarchy are very important in China. Respect for older and more powerful people must be showed. Being punctual and formally dressed is important. A business card should be printed in English and Chinese and both handed over in the beginning of the meeting. Upon an introduction, both the persons stand up and bow. A handshake is also accepted. This is the time to exchange business cards. A gift should never be opened in front of the giver, unless the giver insists. An ID should always be carried with you, as spot checks are very common and failure to show evidence in ID will result in a fine or detention. Will my partner get a job easily in China? Expats are rarely employed by local Chinese companies. The way to get to work in China is through international companies, relationships or high education and skills. A Chinese work permit is needed for a foreigner to work in China. This is also the visa that is needed to enter the country. How are the schools for my kids in China? The state-funded schools are not a good option for children of expatriates because the colleges are all given in Mandarin and the standards may not be recognized when returning home. The standards of private schools however are generally high and the education and qualifications will definitely be recognized when returning home. How is the (business) culture in China? Connections are very important when doing business. Much time is devoted to establishing a relationship. Chinese inhabitants will therefore rarely do business with people they don’t know. Seniority and hierarchy are very important in China. Respect for older and more powerful people must be showed. Being punctual and formally dressed is important. A business card should be printed in English and Chinese and both handed over in the beginning of the meeting. Upon an introduction, both the persons stand up and bow. A handshake is also accepted. This is the time to exchange business cards. A gift should never be opened in front of the giver, unless the giver insists. An ID should always be carried with you, as spot checks are very common and failure to show evidence in ID will result in a fine or detention. What do I have to arrange when I travel back? You need to complete forms, just like when you arrived. It is easy to contact the consulate where you are registered to sort out your situation. When you pass the border it is necessary to have a fully detailed inventory of your furniture and a moving form attestation. It is also important to think about school registration when children are involved. Make sure there is money in the bank. International relocation can be expensive. How will it be to come back after the time abroad? For most expatriates is returning home very hard, because they return different then when they left. Seek a mentor when you accepted an overseas function. This person will keep you informed and assists in your career path and also with the repatriation. It is also possible to attend a repatriation workshop that helps to prepare for the feelings that occur when returning home. Those workshops also update you with information. If children are involved, prepare them for going back home. Just like yourself, they have a lot of experiences and this can set them apart from their peers. Communicate regularly with their school and make sure they get all the support needed. Discuss career opportunities with your employer so that you avoid surprises when returning home. What do I have to arrange when I travel back? You need to complete forms, just like when you arrived. It is easy to contact the consulate where you are registered to sort out your situation. When you pass the border it is necessary to have a fully detailed inventory of your furniture and a moving form attestation. It is also important to think about school registration when children are involved. Make sure there is money in the bank. International relocation can be expensive. How will it be to come back after the time abroad? For most expatriates is returning home very hard, because they return different then when they left. Seek a mentor when you accepted an overseas function. This person will keep you informed and assists in your career path and also with the repatriation. It is also possible to attend a repatriation workshop that helps to prepare for the feelings that occur when returning home. Those workshops also update you with information. If children are involved, prepare them for going back home. Just like yourself, they have a lot of experiences and this can set them apart from their peers. Communicate regularly with their school and make sure they get all the support needed. Discuss career opportunities with your employer so that you avoid surprises when returning home. How is the taxation? When living and working for more than 183 days in China, you have to pay taxes. The percentage that has to be paid over the income varies between 5% to 45% depending on the height of the earnings. You may be able to continue paying social security contributions in the h ome country. It is advisable to do this when you plan to return, to preserve the pension. Is it recommended to open a Chinese bank account? Yes, because withdrawing money from a overseas bank account has expensive fees. A lot of patience, the Visa, passport and prove of residence is required to open an account. It is advisable to open two accounts, because the maximum withdrawal per day is 5,000 Yuan, which is not very much. Two accounts enable you to double the withdrawal, and then you can afford the big ticket items, such as air tickets or electrical goods. How is the taxation? When living and working for more than 183 days in China, you have to pay taxes. The percentage that has to be paid over the income varies between 5% to 45% depending on the height of the earnings. You may be able to continue paying social security contributions in the home country. It is advisable to do this when you plan to return, to preserve the pension. Is it recommended to open a Chinese bank account? Yes, because withdrawing money from a overseas bank account has expensive fees. A lot of patience, the Visa, passport and prove of residence is required to open an account. It is advisable to open two accounts, because the maximum withdrawal per day is 5,000 Yuan, which is not very much. Two accounts enable you to double the withdrawal, and then you can afford the big ticket items, such as air tickets or electrical goods. Conclusion Avon sells through direct selling, catalogues, mall kiosks and web based store. This is Avon’s major strength and because of that they operate through international alliances, partnerships and consortia. The transnational business strategy is dominant for Avon because Avon has an approach that attempts to maximize both responsiveness and integration. They are global and multi-domestic at the same time. In the Chinese market their competitor will be Olay. Olay is a company bought by Procter amp; Gamble and has the same view on beauty products. Door-to-door selling is forbidden in China, therefore it is best for Avon to enter the Chinese market through international alliances, partnerships and consortia. When Avon expands to China, the geo-centrism strategy will be adapted by the headquarters. This way they will borrow the best practices from around the world. In IHRM the strategy they will choose is the Active IHRM strategy. This strategy has a high degree of global integration and a high degree of local responsiveness. This is the most suitable when a MNE has a geo-centric HR orientation. The division structure is the geographic division structure, because each region is an independent division with its own managers. This way, the local managers can adapt to the local conditions. This is very importing when expanding to china because an American approach will not work in this country. It is very important to adapt to the local preferences and rules. Before choosing a partner, it is very important for Avon to have a good due diligence. There are so many cultural differences between its own employees and those of China. They have to take care that all these differences will be taken into account. Not only a culture clash between employees will be possible, there are also problems in the staffing, compensation and benefits that are expected. In China there are different labor laws, standards and relations. In China HR selection relies on connections and family relationships, in America HR selection relies on schooling and earlier performances. Also in working hours and salaries are many differences. It is very important for Avon to take all of these differences into account. HR specific preparations for China are immigration and visas, which is very important in China. Personal data privacy is also very important because there is no data protection law in China like there is in America. This is also the case for anti-discrimination. There is no specific law for anti-discrimination. Therefore it is recommended to find a central path between the laws and customs of china and the (extraterritorial) laws and customs of the USA. Hiring a Chinese advisor will help Avon through all the difficulties of the Chinese government. We recommend Avon to extensively reflect the decision of expanding to China. It is a very difficult country to fit with the needs and demands of the customers. The expanding to China will therefore take a lot of time. Avon has to do a really good due diligence and bring the differences well in map. When this is done, they can recruit different managers and employees for the work in China. These people need to be selected by the Chinese values and believes so they will fit into this culture and will be accepted in this culture. Bibliography Briscoe, D. , Schuler, R. amp; Tarique, I. (2012). International Human Resource Management: Policies and Practices for Multinational Enterprises. Routledge: New York. Ediplomat, (2010). Cultural Etiquette. http://www. ediplomat. com/np/cultural_etiquette /ce_cn. htm. 15-04-2013. CLB, (2013). Chinese workers demand better trade union. http://www. clb. org. k/en/content/china%E2%80%99s-workers-demand-better-trade-union. 12-04-2013. All-Chinese Federation of Trade Unions, (2013). All-Chinese Federation of Trade Unions. http://www. acftu. org. cn/template/10002/index. jsp. 12-04-2013. Trade unions in China, (2006). Trade unions in China. http://cep. lse. ac. uk/pubs/download/CP204. pdf. 12-04-2013. Amnesty International, (2009). Doing business in China. http://www. amnesty. ch/de/themen/wirtschaft-menschenrechte/doing-business-in-china. 12-04-2013. Pennealr, (2013). Chinese labor law. http://www. pennealr. com/archive/issues/vol2/CLPR_v2i1ps10pe35. df. 12-04-2013. Ministry of commerce peoples republic of China, (2007). Labor law of the people’s republic of China. http://english. mofcom. gov. cn/aarticle/policyrelease/internationalpolicy/200703/20070304475283. html. 12-04-2013. Geert-Hofstede, (2013). What about China. http://geert-hofstede. com/china. html. 03-04-2013. The university of Iowa, (2011). What are the major aspects of Chinese labor law. http://ebook. law. uiowa. edu/ebook/uicifd-ebook/what-are-relevant-issues-concerning-chinese-labor-and-employment-law. 03-04-2013. Global visas, (2013). Chinese visas. http://www. lobalvisas. com/countries/china_visa. html. 05-04-2013. China embassy, (2008). Employment/work (Z) visa. http://www. china-embassy. org/eng/hzqz/zgqz/t84245. htm. 05-04-2013. Learn4good, (2013). China visa information. http://www. learn4good. com/travel/china_visa. htm. 05-04-2013. Veronica Lockyer, (2013). New developments in data privacy in China. http://www. orrick. com/Events-and-Publications/Pages/New-Developments-in-Data-Privacy-in-China. aspx. 05-04-2013. Chinalawblog, (2012). China anti-discrimination law. http://www. chinalawblog. org/law-topics/employment-law/190-china-ani-discrimin

Stupid Ticker Tape free essay sample

Our line was straight. However, if it was not straight, that may have been due to friction f. Yes; whenever the acceleration was constant, it would be a straight line. When there is no acceleration, it is still technically constant, so therefore there would also be a straight line. G. There would have been greater acceleration (steeper slope) if the ramp had been made When the angle is greater/steeper this causes gravity to have a greater affect/influence n the cart on the slope. There is a greater component acting on the cart because of how steep the new ramp would be. C) Conclusion: As a result of this experiment, it can be concluded that the velocity-time graph of an object with constant acceleration is shown by a straight line and the acceleration can be determined by finding the slope. In this experiment, we saw 3 distinct constant accelerations (will be labeled here by as a, b, and c). We will write a custom essay sample on Stupid Ticker Tape or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The cart started off by going down the 80 CM ramp at a constant acceleration of for 0. Seconds.Once it reached the end of the ramp, it decelerated to in 0. 15 seconds. Once it reached flat ground, the cart continued to move with no acceleration( ATA constant velocity of for 0. 525 seconds. Nevertheless, this experiment could have been improved by using a smoother ramp to reduce friction, as well as using a more accurate measuring device. All in all, this experiment proved that a velocity-time graph of an object with constant acceleration is shown by a straight line and the acceleration can be found by finding the slope.

The Best Way To Practice ACT Reading

The Best Way To Practice ACT Reading SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips At last, the time has come when you must tackle the ACT Reading. How can you practice for the ACT Reading? Where can you find ACT Reading practice questions? Is it even possible to practice for the Reading section? Read on for the answers to these questions. feature image credit: Insomnia by Lauren Hammond, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. A Brief Breakdown Of ACT Reading To start off, I’m going to do a quick runthrough of the structure of ACT Reading. Feel free to skip over it to the Important Tips (â„ ¢) (alas, not actually trademarked, unless I can trademark things just by typing the symbol...in which case I just trademarked that). Also, a quick disclaimer: all of this information is for the current ACT. If there are any significant changes, we'll be sure to update this article accordingly. Currently, the ACT Reading section consists of 40 passage-based multiple choice questions (each with four answer choices) which you must answer in 35 minutes. ACT Reading is always the third section of the test, and contains passages in four different content areas: Prose Fiction or Literary Narrative, Social Science, Humanities, and Natural Science. The 40 questions are divided up equally among all the content areas. Historically, there were only four passages on the ACT, with one passage in each content area; since June 2014, however, ACT, Inc. has begun to incorporate paired passages (two short passages with questions ask you about each passage and to compare the two passages in several ways) into the exam, which means that you may face up to 5 passages (across 4 subject areas) on the ACT. Unfortunately, there aren't really any good study materials for these paired passages out there yet - but more on that in an upcoming article. If you want to read more about the ACT (and the Reading section in particular), look into our articles on the length of the ACT and what's actually tested on ACT Reading. Now that you have a better idea of what exactly is on ACT Reading, let’s segue into tips for how to practice the ACT Reading section in the most effective way. ACT Reading Practice Tip 1: Use Official ACT Tests When you are practicing for the ACT, you MUST use official ACT questions. Why? Because only official ACT questions will test you the same way the real test does. Part of what is difficult about the ACT is that it takes concepts everyone knows (since it's standardized, it has to stick to standard knowledge) and then asks about them in weird ways. Therefore, the best way to insure you get used to the weird ways of questioning is to do actual ACT questions. As PrepScholar co-founder Allen Cheng has said, â€Å"If you train yourself on questions that aren't anything like what the ACT writes, you're going to learn the wrong patterns.† So where can you find official tests? Well, to start out with, we've compiled a complete list of all the available free complete ACT tests. You can also buy The Real ACT (3rd edition) as well as ACT Inc's online prep program to gain access to additional official tests (more about where you can do that in this article). Finally, the PrepScholar test prep platform integrates up to 5 offical ACT tests as part of your customized study program. ACT Reading Practice Tip 2: Practice Under Realistic Conditions When you take the ACT, you’ll be constrained not only by the amount of time you have to answer Reading questions (35 minutes), but in when you take the Reading section. What do I mean by this? Only that on test day, you'll be taking the Reading section third, having already spent the first two hours or so on the English and Math sections. In all likelihood, your brain will be tired, and you won't get a break from Reading questions partway through - you must do all 40 at once. If switching back and forth between sections sound like it might be more up your alley, try reading our article on the differences between the SAT and ACT to see if the SAT might be a better match for you. Bottom line: I recommend not only practicing Reading questions in isolation, but also doing Reading questions as part of at least one full-length timed practice test so you can get used to what it will feel like to have your brain possibly liquefied by the time you get to Reading. Additionally, make sure to take at least one practice test at the same time of day you would be taking the ACTual ACT (I will never stop doing this) so that you'll have a good idea of how tired you might be. For example, if you're not a morning person, an 8 am test might mean you don't pay as much attention when reading a passage, as compared to studying and practicing Reading questions and passages in the afternoon. snoozy 260515 by Daemyeong Middle School, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped from original. If this is you in the mornings, then a practice Reading section done in the afternoon may not be the best gauge of how you'll do on test day. ACT Reading Practice Tip 3: Review Your Mistakes Effectively The most important part of studying that many students skip over is EFFECTIVELY reviewing mistakes. Learning from your mistakes isn’t just a saying - it’s the single most useful tool for improving your test score. Yes, it’s tempting to just look at a question and go â€Å"oh, I made a stupid mistake† and just move on (I mean, what person wants to dwell on what she/he got wrong?). KLAXON! KLAXON! Failing to review your mistakes is the biggest mistake of all. To see real improvement in your score, you really need to get down into the nitty gritty of WHY you made the mistake. For example, what kinds of QUESTIONS or PASSAGES do you struggle with? Do you tend to have problems with Prose Fiction passages, no matter what the question is asking? Maybe you struggle when answering inference questions on passages (Line 42 primarily suggests that†¦), or finding the main point of a paragraph. Identifying the types of questions you struggle with most is necessary for creating the most helpful study plan - there's no point in wasting precious prep time practicing questions you already know how to answer. If your problems are with particular types of passages, you're in luck - we have an article with detailed explanations of each of the types of ACT passages. Have problems with passage-based questions? Go through our skills articles on vocabulary-in-context, big picture,little picture/detail, function and development, and inference questions. You can also brush up your passage reading skills with our article on the best way to approach the passage on ACT Reading. What about the kinds of MISTAKES you tend to make? Why did you make them? Don't just stop at surface explanations. Surface reason: oh, I just ran out of time for this question because it was at the end of the Reading section. I totally could have gotten it since it was asking about a detail that was really easy to find. This response is not helpful, because it doesn't make you learn from what you did wrong (and if you don't learn from your error, there's nothing to stop you from continuing to mess up). Nitty gritty:I ran out of time because I spent too much time on the Prose Fiction passage and ran out of time by the time I got to the Natural Science questions. How can I avoid this in the future? I should figure out which passages are easiest for me and which are hardest, then make sure I start with the easiest ones (since I don't have to do the section in order). I also need to make sure that I really only skim on my first readthrough or read the questions first and do all the detail ones that don’t rely on having to read the whole passage. Here's another example of possible reactions to getting a question wrong: Surface reason: There were two answers that seemed like they were kind of right, and I went with the wrong one. Oh well. Nothing I can do about that. A good start, but WHY did you go with the wrong one? You must look deeeeeeeeper. Nitty gritty: I didn’t read the question carefully enough to get what it was really asking. Because of this, when I went back to the passage I wasn’t able to eliminate three wrong answers. Next time, I'll really focus on exactly what the question is asking and make sure I answer the question based only on the information in the passage, not based on my outside knowledge. For even more detailed advice and suggestions on how to make sure you review mistakes in a way that improves your score, read my article here. Action Plan 1. Get official tests to practice from. Learn the way the ACT asks you about concepts to avoid tripping up on questions you know the answer to. 2. Practice under realistic conditions. Don't neglect to do timed reading sections as well as full-length practice tests, so you can get used to switching from Reading to other subject areas and back to Reading again. 3. Mark questions you are unsure of when you are taking the test. This way, you’re not just reviewing questions you got wrong - you’re also reviewing questions you were shaky on. 4. Review your mistakes so you can pinpoint your higher level weaknesses and drill them. If there's a particular type of question you tend to mess up on, focus your studying on that skill type. 5. Do it all over again: never give up [your test prep], never surrender. As you study, your weak areas may shift, so don’t hesitate to adapt your studying plan to fit your current skill level. For instance, if you had planned to spend a week studying each type of question, but find that after a couple of days you’ve already got the hang of answering questions that ask you to search for details in the passage, don’t waste your time spending five extra days on it - reallocate that time to an area that needs your attention more. For more guidance and suggestions that might work for you, try reading our articles on how to get a 36 on ACT reading and tips from a 36 full scorer. If you're really struggling with your prep, consider getting a tutor to help you structure your study and learn missing content. Contrary to what ACT Inc claims, the Reading section is much more about critical thinking skills than it is about knowing a particular curriculum, which means content-focused tutoring isn't necessarily helpful. However, it can still be helpful to get a tutor to help you create a structured study plan. On a completely unrelated note, one magnificent option for online tutoring can be found right here. Curitiba future bus stops by Sasha Aitkin, used under CC BY 2.0. Get off the struggle bus and taxi to success with these strategies! What’s Next Want more tips on the best way to study for the ACT? Read our guide to improving your ACT score by 4+ points. Go to the PrepScholar blog for articles targeted to each type of ACT Reading Question as well as articles about answering paired passage questions. Interested in adding some tutoring to the mix? PrepScholar Tutors might be right for you! Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Oscar Wilde - the Man and his World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oscar Wilde - the Man and his World - Essay Example Being an editor, he believed that he could move fashionable social circles thereby attracting support from influential women in the society (Dierkes-Thrun, 2012). Oscar Wilde called upon to contribute to the reconstruction of lady’s world magazine which was to basically not just deal with what women wear, but with how they think and feel. The likely contributors of the magazine sought out to write with enthusiasm, with tact and avoid being extravagant and the use of vulgar language. The term lady to some level was viewed ambiguously; Wilde regarded it as having a small taint of vulgarity and extremely misleading because of the eminence of â€Å"woman question† which was a feminist movement. Wilde persisted that the magazine which seemed to be more feminine be re-named to â€Å"woman’s world† (Salamensky 2012, p.132). These changes implied that the term â€Å"lady† which was to be changed to â€Å"woman† was associated with commonness. In 1895 , Wilde in his own words would be interpreted as utterly clear evidence in his scandalous libel and criminal suits that gradually sent him to jail and eventually ended his career. This unfortunate incident did not erase his legacy. His criticism and notes have shaped the society than any other author or poet. Most noticeably, it testifies to the epigrammatic memorability of his statements and declaration and acknowledges the fact that his life meant a personality and a collection of texts and ideas. He fearlessly explored art in relation to everyday life offering unique grounds for examining or testing sexual and social culture during the Victorian era. In 1887’s October issue of the â€Å"lady’s world† the prospectus pointed out the changed names of editors of the November issue. The editors who were listed included Marie Corelli, Olive Schreiner, Mathilde Blind as well as Wilde’s wife Constance and his mother Lady Wilde. In addition, Oscar persuaded som e of the well-known writers to contribute to the witting one of them being Arthur Symons. Arthur’s first essay was on one of the major symbols in the symbolist movement â€Å"Villiers de I ‘isle Adam† which came out after Wilde left the magazine. Wilde was a determined editor of theâ€Å"woman’s world† but his enthusiasm progressively reduced over the following periods. He gradually became less functional arriving late leaving early, and generally handling at his letters carelessly and giving excuses and makeup promises to his failures (Dierkes-Thrun, 2012). Oscar Wilde’s assistant editor Arthur fish viewed the â€Å"woman’s world† magazine as to be the finest with exclusive appeal and attraction to women that was ever been published. The â€Å"woman’s world† editors manage to secure brilliant contributors producing a high level of literary content ever attained by a publishing company of its kind. Articles did not only concentrated on fashion but also devoted to distinguish or bring out women, women’s suffrage and historical events (Wilde & Murray 2000, p. 98). Arthur fish always expressed his sympathy on the views of the â€Å"woman’s world† writers revealing a liberality of thoughts regarding the political aspirations and ambitions of women that were without a doubt sincere.  Ã‚  

Article Review II Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review II - Article Example The second topic is the negative impacts that result from implementation and expansion of Medicaid. The third issues covered in the article high are requirements that are needed for individuals to qualify for the insurance. People with a low income can access federal tax credits thereby subsidizing private health insurance. However, those living below the poverty line will not benefit from the health insurance, Medicaid or other tax credits. The instances of unfairness resulting from the policy have been experienced in a number of states. For instance, The Kansas Medicaid program offers no coverage for adults without children (Robert). The intended audiences for this article are the general public, administration, public and private health care providers as well as all stakeholders in health care. The author has involved the audience in a though provoking way. There could be bias in the article as the author is a Republican and this article may be interpreted as a criticism of the Democrat administration. Although the public might blame President Obama for the current woes in health care, the Republicans are the ones responsible for fighting against the expansion of Medicaid (Health Policy Briefs). In the health care law approved in 2010, Congressional Democrats were determined to expand Medicaid in all states. The administration has been urging people who are in need of health insurance to register on the government website to receive information of the available insurance options. The student should be evaluate the current care policies and establish whether they are effective and fair to all members of society (Virginia Gray, David and Jennifer 135). This article is important since it has the relevant information concerning the roles of various government agencies in health care. It provides explanation on the negative impacts of states’ refusal to develop Medicaid. The article spells out the states that are likely to be marginalized by this policy.